tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75128566523396047602023-11-15T05:37:15.831-08:00Child SupportUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7512856652339604760.post-10745326032780277822013-01-10T11:35:00.000-08:002013-01-10T11:35:53.029-08:00WHAT ARE EXEMPTIONS IN BANKRUPTCY. Terry Bankert 235-1970<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">11 USC sec 522 EXEMPTION</span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(a)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In this section—</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="a_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“dependent” includes spouse, whether or not actually dependent; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="a_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“value” means fair market value as of the date of the filing of the petition or, with respect to property that becomes property of the estate after such date, as of the date such property becomes property of the estate.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(b)</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notwithstanding section <a alt="§ 541 - Property of the estate" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/541" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 541 - Property of the estate">541</a> of this title, an individual debtor may exempt from property of the estate the property listed in either paragraph (2) or, in the alternative, paragraph (3) of this subsection. In joint cases filed under section <a alt="§ 302 - Joint cases" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/302" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 302 - Joint cases">302</a> of this title and individual cases filed under section <a alt="§ 301 - Voluntary cases" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/301" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 301 - Voluntary cases">301</a> or <a alt="§ 303 - Involuntary cases" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/303" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 303 - Involuntary cases">303</a> of this title by or against debtors who are husband and wife, and whose estates are ordered to be jointly administered under Rule 1015(b) of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, one debtor may not elect to exempt property listed in paragraph (2) and the other debtor elect to exempt property listed in paragraph (3) of this subsection. If the parties cannot agree on the alternative to be elected, they shall be deemed to elect paragraph (2), where such election is permitted under the law of the jurisdiction where the case is filed.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Property listed in this paragraph is property that is specified under subsection (d), unless the State law that is applicable to the debtor under paragraph (3)(A) specifically does not so authorize.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_3" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Property listed in this paragraph is—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_3_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">subject to subsections (o) and (p), any property that is exempt under Federal law, other than subsection (d) of this section, or State or local law that is applicable on the date of the filing of the petition to the place in which the debtor’s domicile has been located for the 730 days immediately preceding the date of the filing of the petition or if the debtor’s domicile has not been located in a single State for such 730-day period, the place in which the debtor’s domicile was located for 180 days immediately preceding the 730-day period or for a longer portion of such 180-day period than in any other place;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_3_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">any interest in property in which the debtor had, immediately before the commencement of the case, an interest as a tenant by the entirety or joint tenant to the extent that such interest as a tenant by the entirety or joint tenant is exempt from process under applicable nonbankruptcy law; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_3_C" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(C)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">retirement funds to the extent that those funds are in a fund or account that is exempt from taxation under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.</span></div>
<div class="outdent-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -10px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
If the effect of the domiciliary requirement under subparagraph (A) is to render the debtor ineligible for any exemption, the debtor may elect to exempt property that is specified under subsection (d).</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(4)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For purposes of paragraph (3)(C) and subsection (d)(12), the following shall apply:</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If the retirement funds are in a retirement fund that has received a favorable determination under section 7805 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and that determination is in effect as of the date of the filing of the petition in a case under this title, those funds shall be presumed to be exempt from the estate.</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If the retirement funds are in a retirement fund that has not received a favorable determination under such section 7805, those funds are exempt from the estate if the debtor demonstrates that—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_B_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">no prior determination to the contrary has been made by a court or the Internal Revenue Service; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_B_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span><div class="psection-5" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_B_ii_I" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(I)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the retirement fund is in substantial compliance with the applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-5" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_B_ii_II" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(II)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the retirement fund fails to be in substantial compliance with the applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the debtor is not materially responsible for that failure.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_C" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(C)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A direct transfer of retirement funds from 1 fund or account that is exempt from taxation under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, under section 401(a)(31) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or otherwise, shall not cease to qualify for exemption under paragraph (3)(C) or subsection (d)(12) by reason of such direct transfer.</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_D" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(D)</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_D_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Any distribution that qualifies as an eligible rollover distribution within the meaning of section 402(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or that is described in clause (ii) shall not cease to qualify for exemption under paragraph (3)(C) or subsection (d)(12) by reason of such distribution.</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_D_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A distribution described in this clause is an amount that—</span><div class="psection-5" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_D_ii_I" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(I)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">has been distributed from a fund or account that is exempt from taxation under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-5" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="b_4_D_ii_II" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(II)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">to the extent allowed by law, is deposited in such a fund or account not later than 60 days after the distribution of such amount.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(c)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Unless the case is dismissed, property exempted under this section is not liable during or after the case for any debt of the debtor that arose, or that is determined under section<a alt="§ 502 - Allowance of claims or interests" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/502" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 502 - Allowance of claims or interests">502</a> of this title as if such debt had arisen, before the commencement of the case, except—</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a debt of a kind specified in paragraph (1) or (5) of section <a alt="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/523" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge">523</a> <a alt="(a)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000523----000-#a" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)">(a)</a> (in which case, notwithstanding any provision of applicable nonbankruptcy law to the contrary, such property shall be liable for a debt of a kind specified in such paragraph);</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a debt secured by a lien that is—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_2_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_2_A_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">not avoided under subsection (f) or (g) of this section or under section <a alt="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/544" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers">544</a>, <a alt="§ 545 - Statutory liens" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/545" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 545 - Statutory liens">545</a>,<a alt="§ 547 - Preferences" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/547" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 547 - Preferences">547</a>, <a alt="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/548" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations">548</a>, <a alt="§ 549 - Postpetition transactions" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/549" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 549 - Postpetition transactions">549</a>, or <a alt="§ 724 - Treatment of certain liens" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/724" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 724 - Treatment of certain liens">724</a> <a alt="(a)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000724----000-#a" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)">(a)</a> of this title; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_2_A_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">not void under section <a alt="§ 506 - Determination of secured status" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/506" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 506 - Determination of secured status">506</a> <a alt="(d)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000506----000-#d" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(d)">(d)</a> of this title; or</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_2_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a tax lien, notice of which is properly filed;</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_3" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a debt of a kind specified in section <a alt="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/523" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge">523</a> <a alt="(a)(4)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000523----000-#a_4" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)(4)">(a)(4)</a> or <a alt="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/523" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge">523</a> <a alt="(a)(6)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000523----000-#a_6" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)(6)">(a)(6)</a> of this title owed by an institution-affiliated party of an insured depository institution to a Federal depository institutions regulatory agency acting in its capacity as conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent for such institution; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="c_4" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(4)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a debt in connection with fraud in the obtaining or providing of any scholarship, grant, loan, tuition, discount, award, or other financial assistance for purposes of financing an education at an institution of higher education (as that term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<a alt="Title 20 - EDUCATION" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Title 20 - EDUCATION">20</a> U.S.C. <a alt="§ 1001 - General definition of institution of higher education" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/1001" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 1001 - General definition of institution of higher education">1001</a>)).</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(d)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The following property may be exempted under subsection (b)(2) of this section:</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s aggregate interest, not to exceed $15,000 in value, in real property or personal property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor uses as a residence, in a cooperative that owns property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor uses as a residence, or in a burial plot for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s interest, not to exceed $2,400 in value, in one motor vehicle.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_3" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s interest, not to exceed $400 in value in any particular item or $8,000 in aggregate value, in household furnishings, household goods, wearing apparel, appliances, books, animals, crops, or musical instruments, that are held primarily for the personal, family, or household use of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_4" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(4)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s aggregate interest, not to exceed $1,000 in value, in jewelry held primarily for the personal, family, or household use of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_5" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(5)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s aggregate interest in any property, not to exceed in value $800 plus up to $7,500 of any unused amount of the exemption provided under paragraph (1) of this subsection.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_6" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(6)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s aggregate interest, not to exceed $1,500 in value, in any implements, professional books, or tools, of the trade of the debtor or the trade of a dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_7" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(7)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Any unmatured life insurance contract owned by the debtor, other than a credit life insurance contract.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_8" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(8)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s aggregate interest, not to exceed in value $8,000 less any amount of property of the estate transferred in the manner specified in section <a alt="§ 542 - Turnover of property to the estate" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/542" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 542 - Turnover of property to the estate">542</a> <a alt="(d)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000542----000-#d" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(d)">(d)</a> of this title, in any accrued dividend or interest under, or loan value of, any unmatured life insurance contract owned by the debtor under which the insured is the debtor or an individual of whom the debtor is a dependent.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_9" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(9)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Professionally prescribed health aids for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(10)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s right to receive—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a social security benefit, unemployment compensation, or a local public assistance benefit;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a veterans’ benefit;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_C" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(C)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a disability, illness, or unemployment benefit;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_D" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(D)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">alimony, support, or separate maintenance, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_E" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(E)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a payment under a stock bonus, pension, profitsharing, annuity, or similar plan or contract on account of illness, disability, death, age, or length of service, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor, unless—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_E_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">such plan or contract was established by or under the auspices of an insider that employed the debtor at the time the debtor’s rights under such plan or contract arose;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_E_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">such payment is on account of age or length of service; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_10_E_iii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">such plan or contract does not qualify under section 401(a), 403(a), 403(b), or 408 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_11" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(11)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor’s right to receive, or property that is traceable to—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_11_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">an award under a crime victim’s reparation law;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_11_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a payment on account of the wrongful death of an individual of whom the debtor was a dependent, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_11_C" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(C)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a payment under a life insurance contract that insured the life of an individual of whom the debtor was a dependent on the date of such individual’s death, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_11_D" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(D)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a payment, not to exceed $15,000, on account of personal bodily injury, not including pain and suffering or compensation for actual pecuniary loss, of the debtor or an individual of whom the debtor is a dependent; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_11_E" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(E)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a payment in compensation of loss of future earnings of the debtor or an individual of whom the debtor is or was a dependent, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="d_12" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(12)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Retirement funds to the extent that those funds are in a fund or account that is exempt from taxation under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="e" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(e)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A waiver of an exemption executed in favor of a creditor that holds an unsecured claim against the debtor is unenforceable in a case under this title with respect to such claim against property that the debtor may exempt under subsection (b) of this section. A waiver by the debtor of a power under subsection (f) or (h) of this section to avoid a transfer, under subsection (g) or (i) of this section to exempt property, or under subsection (i) of this section to recover property or to preserve a transfer, is unenforceable in a case under this title.</span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(f)</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notwithstanding any waiver of exemptions but subject to paragraph (3), the debtor may avoid the fixing of a lien on an interest of the debtor in property to the extent that such lien impairs an exemption to which the debtor would have been entitled under subsection (b) of this section, if such lien is—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_1_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a judicial lien, other than a judicial lien that secures a debt of a kind that is specified in section <a alt="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/523" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 523 - Exceptions to discharge">523</a> <a alt="(a)(5)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000523----000-#a_5" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)(5)">(a)(5)</a>; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_1_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a nonpossessory, nonpurchase-money security interest in any—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_1_B_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">household furnishings, household goods, wearing apparel, appliances, books, animals, crops, musical instruments, or jewelry that are held primarily for the personal, family, or household use of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_1_B_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">implements, professional books, or tools, of the trade of the debtor or the trade of a dependent of the debtor; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_1_B_iii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">professionally prescribed health aids for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For the purposes of this subsection, a lien shall be considered to impair an exemption to the extent that the sum of—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2_A_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the lien;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2_A_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">all other liens on the property; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2_A_iii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the amount of the exemption that the debtor could claim if there were no liens on the property;</span></div>
<div class="outdent-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -10px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
exceeds the value that the debtor’s interest in the property would have in the absence of any liens.</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the case of a property subject to more than 1 lien, a lien that has been avoided shall not be considered in making the calculation under subparagraph (A) with respect to other liens.</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_2_C" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(C)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This paragraph shall not apply with respect to a judgment arising out of a mortgage foreclosure.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_3" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In a case in which State law that is applicable to the debtor—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_3_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">permits a person to voluntarily waive a right to claim exemptions under subsection (d) or prohibits a debtor from claiming exemptions under subsection (d); and</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_3_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">either permits the debtor to claim exemptions under State law without limitation in amount, except to the extent that the debtor has permitted the fixing of a consensual lien on any property or prohibits avoidance of a consensual lien on property otherwise eligible to be claimed as exempt property;</span></div>
<div class="outdent-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -10px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
the debtor may not avoid the fixing of a lien on an interest of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor in property if the lien is a nonpossessory, nonpurchase-money security interest in implements, professional books, or tools of the trade of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor or farm animals or crops of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor to the extent the value of such implements, professional books, tools of the trade, animals, and crops exceeds $5,000.</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(4)</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Subject to subparagraph (B), for purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the term “household goods” means—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">clothing;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">furniture;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_iii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">appliances;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_iv" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iv)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1 radio;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_v" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(v)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1 television;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_vi" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(vi)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1 VCR;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_vii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(vii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">linens;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_viii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(viii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">china;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_ix" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ix)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">crockery;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_x" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(x)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">kitchenware;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_xi" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(xi)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">educational materials and educational equipment primarily for the use of minor dependent children of the debtor;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_xii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(xii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">medical equipment and supplies;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_xiii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(xiii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">furniture exclusively for the use of minor children, or elderly or disabled dependents of the debtor;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_xiv" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(xiv)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">personal effects (including the toys and hobby equipment of minor dependent children and wedding rings) of the debtor and the dependents of the debtor; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_A_xv" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(xv)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1 personal computer and related equipment.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The term “household goods” does not include—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_B_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">works of art (unless by or of the debtor, or any relative of the debtor);</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_B_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">electronic entertainment equipment with a fair market value of more than $500 in the aggregate (except 1 television, 1 radio, and 1 VCR);</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_B_iii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">items acquired as antiques with a fair market value of more than $500 in the aggregate;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_B_iv" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iv)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">jewelry with a fair market value of more than $500 in the aggregate (except wedding rings); and</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="f_4_B_v" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(v)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a computer (except as otherwise provided for in this section), motor vehicle (including a tractor or lawn tractor), boat, or a motorized recreational device, conveyance, vehicle, watercraft, or aircraft.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="g" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(g)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notwithstanding sections <a alt="§ 550 - Liability of transferee of avoided transfer" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/550" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 550 - Liability of transferee of avoided transfer">550</a> and <a alt="§ 551 - Automatic preservation of avoided transfer" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/551" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 551 - Automatic preservation of avoided transfer">551</a> of this title, the debtor may exempt under subsection (b) of this section property that the trustee recovers under section <a alt="§ 510 - Subordination" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/510" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 510 - Subordination">510</a> <a alt="(c)(2)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000510----000-#c_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(c)(2)">(c)(2)</a>,<a alt="§ 542 - Turnover of property to the estate" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/542" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 542 - Turnover of property to the estate">542</a>, <a alt="§ 543 - Turnover of property by a custodian" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/543" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 543 - Turnover of property by a custodian">543</a>, <a alt="§ 550 - Liability of transferee of avoided transfer" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/550" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 550 - Liability of transferee of avoided transfer">550</a>, <a alt="§ 551 - Automatic preservation of avoided transfer" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/551" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 551 - Automatic preservation of avoided transfer">551</a>, or <a alt="§ 553 - Setoff" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/553" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 553 - Setoff">553</a> of this title, to the extent that the debtor could have exempted such property under subsection (b) of this section if such property had not been transferred, if—</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="g_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="g_1_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">such transfer was not a voluntary transfer of such property by the debtor; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="g_1_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the debtor did not conceal such property; or</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="g_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the debtor could have avoided such transfer under subsection (f)(1)(B) of this section.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="h" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(h)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor may avoid a transfer of property of the debtor or recover a setoff to the extent that the debtor could have exempted such property under subsection (g)(1) of this section if the trustee had avoided such transfer, if—</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="h_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">such transfer is avoidable by the trustee under section <a alt="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/544" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers">544</a>, <a alt="§ 545 - Statutory liens" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/545" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 545 - Statutory liens">545</a>, <a alt="§ 547 - Preferences" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/547" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 547 - Preferences">547</a>, <a alt="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/548" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations">548</a>, <a alt="§ 549 - Postpetition transactions" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/549" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 549 - Postpetition transactions">549</a>, or<a alt="§ 724 - Treatment of certain liens" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/724" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 724 - Treatment of certain liens">724</a> <a alt="(a)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000724----000-#a" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)">(a)</a> of this title or recoverable by the trustee under section <a alt="§ 553 - Setoff" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/553" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 553 - Setoff">553</a> of this title; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="h_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the trustee does not attempt to avoid such transfer.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="i_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If the debtor avoids a transfer or recovers a setoff under subsection (f) or (h) of this section, the debtor may recover in the manner prescribed by, and subject to the limitations of, section <a alt="§ 550 - Liability of transferee of avoided transfer" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/550" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 550 - Liability of transferee of avoided transfer">550</a> of this title, the same as if the trustee had avoided such transfer, and may exempt any property so recovered under subsection (b) of this section.</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="i_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notwithstanding section <a alt="§ 551 - Automatic preservation of avoided transfer" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/551" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 551 - Automatic preservation of avoided transfer">551</a> of this title, a transfer avoided under section <a alt="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/544" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers">544</a>, <a alt="§ 545 - Statutory liens" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/545" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 545 - Statutory liens">545</a>,<a alt="§ 547 - Preferences" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/547" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 547 - Preferences">547</a>, <a alt="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/548" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations">548</a>, <a alt="§ 549 - Postpetition transactions" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/549" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 549 - Postpetition transactions">549</a>, or <a alt="§ 724 - Treatment of certain liens" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/724" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 724 - Treatment of certain liens">724</a> <a alt="(a)" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/usc_sec_11_00000724----000-#a" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="(a)">(a)</a> of this title, under subsection (f) or (h) of this section, or property recovered under section <a alt="§ 553 - Setoff" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/553" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 553 - Setoff">553</a> of this title, may be preserved for the benefit of the debtor to the extent that the debtor may exempt such property under subsection (g) of this section or paragraph (1) of this subsection.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="j" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(j)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notwithstanding subsections (g) and (i) of this section, the debtor may exempt a particular kind of property under subsections (g) and (i) of this section only to the extent that the debtor has exempted less property in value of such kind than that to which the debtor is entitled under subsection (b) of this section.</span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="k" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(k)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Property that the debtor exempts under this section is not liable for payment of any administrative expense except—</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="k_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the aliquot share of the costs and expenses of avoiding a transfer of property that the debtor exempts under subsection (g) of this section, or of recovery of such property, that is attributable to the value of the portion of such property exempted in relation to the value of the property recovered; and</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="k_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">any costs and expenses of avoiding a transfer under subsection (f) or (h) of this section, or of recovery of property under subsection (i)(1) of this section, that the debtor has not paid.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="l" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(l)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The debtor shall file a list of property that the debtor claims as exempt under subsection (b) of this section. If the debtor does not file such a list, a dependent of the debtor may file such a list, or may claim property as exempt from property of the estate on behalf of the debtor. Unless a party in interest objects, the property claimed as exempt on such list is exempt.</span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="m" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(m)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Subject to the limitation in subsection (b), this section shall apply separately with respect to each debtor in a joint case.</span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="n" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(n)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For assets in individual retirement accounts described in section 408 or 408A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a simplified employee pension under section 408(k) of such Code or a simple retirement account under section 408(p) of such Code, the aggregate value of such assets exempted under this section, without regard to amounts attributable to rollover contributions under section 402(c), 402(e)(6), 403(a)(4), 403(a)(5), and 403(b)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and earnings thereon, shall not exceed $1,000,000 in a case filed by a debtor who is an individual, except that such amount may be increased if the interests of justice so require.</span></div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="o" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(o)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For purposes of subsection (b)(3)(A), and notwithstanding subsection (a), the value of an interest in—</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="o_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">real or personal property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor uses as a residence;</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="o_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a cooperative that owns property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor uses as a residence;</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="o_3" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(3)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a burial plot for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="o_4" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(4)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">real or personal property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor claims as a homestead;</span></div>
<div class="outdent-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -10px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
shall be reduced to the extent that such value is attributable to any portion of any property that the debtor disposed of in the 10-year period ending on the date of the filing of the petition with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud a creditor and that the debtor could not exempt, or that portion that the debtor could not exempt, under subsection (b), if on such date the debtor had held the property so disposed of.</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(p)</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection and sections <a alt="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/544" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 544 - Trustee as lien creditor and as successor to certain creditors and purchasers">544</a> and <a alt="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/548" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 548 - Fraudulent transfers and obligations">548</a>, as a result of electing under subsection (b)(3)(A) to exempt property under State or local law, a debtor may not exempt any amount of interest that was acquired by the debtor during the 1215-day period preceding the date of the filing of the petition that exceeds in the aggregate $125,000 in value in—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_1_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">real or personal property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor uses as a residence;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_1_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a cooperative that owns property that the debtor or a dependent of the debtor uses as a residence;</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_1_C" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(C)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a burial plot for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_1_D" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(D)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">real or personal property that the debtor or dependent of the debtor claims as a homestead.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_2_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The limitation under paragraph (1) shall not apply to an exemption claimed under subsection (b)(3)(A) by a family farmer for the principal residence of such farmer.</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="p_2_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For purposes of paragraph (1), any amount of such interest does not include any interest transferred from a debtor’s previous principal residence (which was acquired prior to the beginning of such 1215-day period) into the debtor’s current principal residence, if the debtor’s previous and current residences are located in the same State.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-1" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 'sans serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(q)</span><div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As a result of electing under subsection (b)(3)(A) to exempt property under State or local law, a debtor may not exempt any amount of an interest in property described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of subsection (p)(1) which exceeds in the aggregate $125,000 if—</span><div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1_A" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(A)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the court determines, after notice and a hearing, that the debtor has been convicted of a felony (as defined in section <a alt="§ 3156 - Definitions" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/3156" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 3156 - Definitions">3156</a> of title <a alt="Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE">18</a>), which under the circumstances, demonstrates that the filing of the case was an abuse of the provisions of this title; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-3" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1_B" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(B)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the debtor owes a debt arising from—</span><div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1_B_i" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(i)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">any violation of the Federal securities laws (as defined in section 3(a)(47) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), any State securities laws, or any regulation or order issued under Federal securities laws or State securities laws;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1_B_ii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(ii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fraud, deceit, or manipulation in a fiduciary capacity or in connection with the purchase or sale of any security registered under section 12 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or under section 6 of the Securities Act of 1933;</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1_B_iii" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iii)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">any civil remedy under section <a alt="§ 1964 - Civil remedies" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1964" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="§ 1964 - Civil remedies">1964</a> of title <a alt="Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE">18</a>; or</span></div>
<div class="psection-4" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_1_B_iv" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(iv)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">any criminal act, intentional tort, or willful or reckless misconduct that caused serious physical injury or death to another individual in the preceding 5 years.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="psection-2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="" name="q_2" style="border: 0px; color: #005c72; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a><span class="enumbell" style="border: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)</span> <span class="ptext-" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the extent the amount of an interest in property described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of subsection (p)(1) is reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7512856652339604760.post-7924807282744955302010-05-02T11:28:00.000-07:002010-05-02T11:30:03.631-07:00Child support enforcementFlint Divorce Lawyer <a href="http://attorneybankert.com/">Terry Bankert</a> discusses Domestic Issues that Could be found in Genesee County Family Court or Your Court: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DID YOU KNOW :<br />
<br />
... Arrearages and Civil Contempt A system in which child support awards are commonly set beyond the parent's ability to pay, modification procedures are neither realistically available nor likely to address inequities, and retroactive correction is disallowed, inevitably results in the accrual by many parents of large and unpayable arrearages. [3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DID YOU KNOW… in contempt, the low-income obligor is rarely a candidate for civil incarceration because of the likelihood that he or she is unable to pay the hefty sum represented by the accumulated arrearages, or even a portion thereof that may be set by the court as the purge amount. [3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DID YOU KNOW... Indigents are especially unlikely to appeal civil contempt orders, given their lack of access to appellate counsel in most states and the brevity of the typical contempt sentence.[3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DID YOU KNOW ... In civil contempt proceedings, unlike those for criminal contempt, absence of willfulness is treated as a defense, and the initial burden is on the contemnor to plead and present evidence of his or her inability to comply with the order. ... [3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
IF CONTEMPT OF COURT WITH POSSIBLE JAIL CAN FACE A CELEBRITY IT COULD HAPPEN TO YOU.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Born Nasir Jones Rapper Nas was cleared of a civil contempt charge on Monday in connection with his divorce from Kelis. According to a statement from his spokesperson released on Wednesday, "The contempt charges that were filed against Nas earlier this year in conjunction with his ongoing custody battle were thrown out yesterday by Judge David Cunningham III presiding over the case. [4]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Nas has paid all of the child support owed in full. His legal counsel today also settled on additional undisclosed financial terms, which included attorneys' fees and spousal support." The contempt charges were dismissed after Nas paid nearly $50,000 in child support to estranged wife Kelis,[4]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ISSUES DISCUSSED IN THE ARTICLE BELOW: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Conviction for failing to pay child support (MCL 750.165); Exclusion of evidence the defendant was unable to pay the court-ordered child support; People v. Adams; Due process; City of Port Huron v. Jenkinson; <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Whether defendant was entitled to a new trial on the basis her rights under Michigan's Due Process Clause were denied by the trial court's order prohibiting her from presenting inability to pay as a defense; <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Constitutionality of MCL 750.165; <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Ineffective assistance of counsel; People v. Mack; Impermissible collateral attack on the underlying support order; People v. Howard; MCL 600.1021; <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Support & Parenting Time Enforcement Act (MCL 552.601-.650); MCL 552.16(1); MCL 552.605; MCL 552.603(2); MCR 3.205(C); The actus reus element of the crime; People v. Monaco; Right to present a defense; People v. Kurr; People v. Hayes; People v. Hackett; Relevant evidence (MRE 401); <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Prosecutorial misconduct; People v. Dobek; People v. Unger; People v. Thomas; People v. Rodriguez; People v. McLaughlin; People v. Watson; <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"Plain error" review; People v. Brown<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[1]Court: Michigan Court of Appeals (Unpublished 4/20/2010)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Case Name: People v. (L), No. 290218, Oakland County Circuit Court, LC No. 2008-220669-FH<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
e-Journal Number: 45583<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Judge(s): Per Curiam - Fitzgerald, Cavanagh, and Davis <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Concluding the defendant's reliance on Jenkinson was misplaced because unlike the defendant in Jenkinson, she was prosecuted for failing to comply with a court order entered after a judicial determination was made she had the financial means to comply with the court order, the court rejected her claim MCL 750.165 was unconstitutional and affirmed her conviction for failing to pay child support. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MOTHER IN FAMILY COURT WAS ORDERED TO PAY CHILD SUPPORT HERE IN CIRCUIT COURT SHE IS BEING PUNISHED FOR NOT PAYING<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Mother who is the Defendant was ordered to pay her ex-husband (E) child support after their divorce because he was awarded custody of their three minor children. The child support was initially set at $54 a month. Later, husband sought an increase after he learned mother had purchased a home worth about $500,000 by securing 2 mortgages in her name, for $2,000 a month and $1,000 a month, respectively. She also purchased a new vehicle. After hearings on the matter, the FOC recommended income of $5,000 a month be imputed to defendant consistent with her standard of living and her child support obligation be increased to $1,131 a month, retroactive to June 1, 2005. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Oakland County Circuit Court trial court in the child support case adopted the recommendation after holding a hearing. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Mothers payment history was very sporadic. She paid nothing in 2006 and $488.85 in 2007. The amount of arrearage as of February 29, 2008 was $40,182.71. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
FELONY NON SUPPORT<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Felony charges for failure to pay child support were filed against her in March 2008. The trial court granted the prosecution's motion in limine to prevent defendant MOTHER from offering any evidence related to her alleged inability to pay the ordered child support. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
THE FOC ASSUMED THE ABILITY TO PAY<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
On appeal, defendant argued, inter alia, she was entitled to a new trial because her rights under Michigan's Due Process Clause were denied by the OAKLAND COUNTY CIRCUIT trial court's order prohibiting her from presenting her inability to pay as a defense. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
THE FAMILY COURT SAID SHE COULD PAY IT SHE SHOULD HAVE APPEALED THERE<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The court disagreed, concluding unlike the defendant in Jenkinson, the duty imposed on defendant was adjudged possible for her to perform. She was a party to civil proceedings involving the modification of her child support obligation, which gave her ample opportunity to present evidence of her ability or inability to pay an increased amount of child support. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
THE FAMILY COURT SAID WITH THESE BILLS YOU CAN PAY MORE SUPPORT.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In accordance with the evidence of her standard of living, she was adjudged capable of paying $1,131 in child support a month. "Thus, unlike the defendant in Jenkinson, the State did not impose upon her a duty that was impossible for her to perform." [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
YOU HAVE TO APPEAL A COURT ORDER IN THE COURT THAT MADE THE ORDER NOT ANOTHER EQUAL OR LESSER COURT.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The court concluded her argument was actually an impermissible collateral attack on the underlying support order. Affirmed. [1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Here, defendant was prosecuted for the criminal offense of violating MCL 750.165 which<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
states, in pertinent part:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(1) If the court orders an individual to pay support for the individual’s<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
former or current spouse, or for a child of the individual, and the individual does<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
not pay the support in the amount or at the time stated in the order, the individual<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 4 years or by a<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both.[1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
On September 29, 2008, the prosecution filed a motion in limine seeking to prevent<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
defendant from offering any evidence pertaining to her alleged inability to pay the ordered child support. The prosecution argued that, as this Court held in People v Adams, 262 Mich App 89; 683 NW2d 729 (2004), the failure to pay child support in violation of MCL 750.165 is a strict liability offense; thus, evidence of an alleged inability to pay is immaterial and irrelevant. The trial court agreed and granted the motion in limine, holding that “inability to pay is not a defense. Something should have been raised earlier for a modification, but it wasn’t.” A jury trial began on November 14, 2008, and defendant was convicted as charged.[1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
HIGHLIGHT: Each day in the United States thousands of persons are jailed on charges arising from failure to pay court-ordered child support. Some of them have been convicted of contempt of court, a crime based on willful defiance of the court order. However, most are incarcerated pursuant to the court's civil authority to jail contemnors as a means of coercing compliance with the order. In the case of the civil contemnor, confinement generally occurs without the procedural protections that are available as a matter of right in criminal proceedings. A finding of ability to pay the ordered support is a necessary precedent to both a finding of contempt and the penalty of coercive incarceration. Otherwise, the incarceration can only be characterized as punishment for being poor. Yet many incarcerated child support obligors are indigent, with irregular employment, limited earning potential, no real assets, and questionable ability to pay. A variety of systemic and judicial flaws have coalesced to create a fertile environment for unjustified incarcerations. Prominent among these are serious deficiencies in current civil contempt practice. Restoration of equity and due process to this area will require an array of adjustments in federal and state law, agency practice, and judicial process.[3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Posted here by<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Terry Bankert<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.attorneybankert.com/">http://www.attorneybankert.com/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
see<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[1]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Court: Michigan Court of Appeals (Unpublished 4/20/2010),Case Name: People v. (L), No. 290218, Oakland County Circuit Court, LC No. 2008-220669-FH,e-Journal Number: 45583,Judge(s): Per Curiam - Fitzgerald, Cavanagh, and Davis <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[2] HEADLINES and cited comments by Terry Bankert A Michigan Attorney www.attorneybankert.com<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
NAME: Elizabeth G. Patterson*<br />
<br />
BIO: * Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law. Professor Patterson was Director of the South Carolina Department of Social Services from 1999 through 2003.<br />
<br />
18 Cornell J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 95<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[4]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1637082/20100415/nas.jhtmlUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7512856652339604760.post-43201087914098221032010-04-05T10:12:00.000-07:002010-04-05T10:12:42.715-07:00Michigan Flint Divorce attorney comments on Child SupportFlint Divorce Lawyer Terry Bankert comments on Family Law and child support orders.<br />
<br />
If you have been left by the other parent who has an obligation to support the child?<br />
<br />
•Both natural (or adoptive) mother and father , unless the court modifies or terminates the obligation or the child is emancipated have an obligation to support their children.<br />
<br />
•A father of an a child born while the parents are not married has an obligation to pay child support.The mother cannot contract away the child’s right to support by making the father stay away from the child.<br />
<br />
• If you live in a home with a child you are not the biological parent of Generally there is no obligation to support an unrelated child, unless (1) equitable estoppel applies (usually when there is an express or implied representation that a parental relationship exists) or (2) the person is an “equitable parent.” These doctrines do not cover situations where there is no marriage.<br />
<br />
What is the Equitable parent doctrine.<br />
<br />
<br />
•Criteria—(1) the husband and the child acknowledge a father-child relationship or the mother cooperates in developing this relationship over a period of time before a divorce complaint is filed, (2) the husband desires parental rights, and (3) the husband is willing to pay child support.<br />
<br />
•Once the criteria are met over a reasonable period of time, equitable parenthood is established and the criteria need not be met perpetually.<br />
<br />
•The doctrine does not apply when the parties were never married.<br />
<br />
<br />
Jurisdiction to order support. <br />
<br />
The court may order child support in (among other things) actions for divorce, annulment, separate maintenance, paternity, child custody, family support (applies when the married parent is living apart from the noncustodial parent who does not contribute financially although able to do so; also applies when the custodial parent is unmarried if the children are legitimate, legitimated, or adopted).<br />
<br />
<br />
The court must have in personam jurisdiction over the defendant to order child support.<br />
<br />
<br />
How much should your child support be ? <br />
<br />
Child Support means payment of money for support of a child, including payment of medical, dental, and other health care expenses; child care expenses; and educational expenses. For enforcement purposes, also includes confinement/pregnancy expenses or genetic testing expenses ordered under the Paternity Act and the surcharge on past-due support payments.<br />
<br />
If you have additional question contact Michigan Lawyer Terry Bankert at<br />
<a href="http://attorneybankert.com/">http://attorneybankert.com/</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0